The consequences of renal failure may be remembered using the mnemonic “MAD HUNGER”:

  • Metabolic Acidosis
  • Dyslipidemia (especially increased triglycerides)
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Uremia
  • Na+/H2O retention
  • Growth retardation and developmental delay
  • Erythropoietin failure (anemia)
  • Renal osteodystrophy